#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/aplusb"
#include"../../convex/convex_hull_trick.hpp"#include<algorithm>
#include<cassert>
#include<cstdint>
#include"../../utilities/fast_io.hpp"
#include<limits>
#include<vector>namespace{structLine{longlongslope;longlongintercept;};template<m1une::convex::LineOptimizationObjective>voidcheck(conststd::vector<Line>&lines){m1une::convex::ConvexHullTrick<longlong,Objective>cht;for(constLine&line:lines){cht.add_line(line.slope,line.intercept);}for(longlongx=-100;x<=100;++x){__int128_texpected;ifconstexpr(Objective==m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Minimize){expected=std::numeric_limits<__int128_t>::max();}else{expected=std::numeric_limits<__int128_t>::min();}for(constLine&line:lines){__int128_tvalue=__int128_t(line.slope)*x+line.intercept;ifconstexpr(Objective==m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Minimize){expected=std::min(expected,value);}else{expected=std::max(expected,value);}}assert(cht.query(x)==expected);}}voidtest_fixed(){m1une::convex::MinConvexHullTrick<longlong>empty;assert(!empty.try_query(0).has_value());std::vector<Line>lines;lines.push_back(Line{-3,4});lines.push_back(Line{-1,10});lines.push_back(Line{-1,-5});lines.push_back(Line{0,2});lines.push_back(Line{4,-7});check<m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Minimize>(lines);check<m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Maximize>(lines);}voidtest_randomized(){std::uint64_tstate=1009;autorandom=[&state](){state^=state<<7;state^=state>>9;returnstate;};for(inttrial=0;trial<5000;++trial){intcount=1+int(random()%40);std::vector<Line>lines;longlongslope=-50;for(intindex=0;index<count;++index){slope+=int(random()%4);lines.push_back(Line{slope,static_cast<longlong>(random()%201)-100,});}check<m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Minimize>(lines);check<m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Maximize>(lines);}}}// namespaceintmain(){m1une::utilities::FastInputfast_input;m1une::utilities::FastOutputfast_output;test_fixed();test_randomized();longlonga,b;fast_input>>a>>b;fast_output<<a+b<<'\n';}
#line 1 "verify/convex/convex_hull_trick.test.cpp"
#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/aplusb"
#line 1 "convex/convex_hull_trick.hpp"
#include<cassert>
#include<concepts>
#include<cstddef>
#include<optional>
#include<type_traits>
#include<vector>namespacem1une{namespaceconvex{enumclassLineOptimization{Minimize,Maximize,};template<std::signed_integralT>usingline_wide_type=__int128_t;template<std::signed_integralT>structLinearFunction{usingvalue_type=line_wide_type<T>;value_typeslope;value_typeintercept;constexprLinearFunction():slope(0),intercept(0){}constexprLinearFunction(Tslope_value,Tintercept_value):slope(slope_value),intercept(intercept_value){}constexprvalue_typeoperator()(Tx)const{returnslope*value_type(x)+intercept;}};// Convex hull trick for lines inserted in nondecreasing slope order.template<std::signed_integralT,LineOptimizationObjective=LineOptimization::Minimize>structConvexHullTrick{usingLine=LinearFunction<T>;usingvalue_type=typenameLine::value_type;private:std::vector<Line>_lines;staticboolbetter(value_typefirst,value_typesecond){ifconstexpr(Objective==LineOptimization::Minimize){returnfirst<second;}else{returnsecond<first;}}staticboolredundant(constLine&first,constLine&middle,constLine&last){value_typeleft=(first.intercept-middle.intercept)*(last.slope-middle.slope);value_typeright=(middle.intercept-last.intercept)*(middle.slope-first.slope);ifconstexpr(Objective==LineOptimization::Minimize){returnleft<=right;}else{returnright<=left;}}public:ConvexHullTrick()=default;intsize()const{returnint(_lines.size());}boolempty()const{return_lines.empty();}conststd::vector<Line>&lines()const{return_lines;}voidreserve(std::size_tline_capacity){_lines.reserve(line_capacity);}voidclear(){_lines.clear();}// Slopes must be inserted in nondecreasing order.voidadd_line(Tslope,Tintercept){Lineline(slope,intercept);if(!_lines.empty()){assert(_lines.back().slope<=line.slope);}if(!_lines.empty()&&_lines.back().slope==line.slope){if(!better(line.intercept,_lines.back().intercept))return;_lines.pop_back();}while(_lines.size()>=2&&redundant(_lines[_lines.size()-2],_lines.back(),line)){_lines.pop_back();}_lines.push_back(line);}std::optional<value_type>try_query(Tx)const{if(_lines.empty())returnstd::nullopt;intlow=0;inthigh=int(_lines.size())-1;while(low<high){intmiddle=low+(high-low)/2;value_typefirst=_lines[middle](x);value_typesecond=_lines[middle+1](x);if(better(first,second)||first==second){high=middle;}else{low=middle+1;}}return_lines[low](x);}value_typequery(Tx)const{assert(!empty());return*try_query(x);}};template<std::signed_integralT>usingMinConvexHullTrick=ConvexHullTrick<T,LineOptimization::Minimize>;template<std::signed_integralT>usingMaxConvexHullTrick=ConvexHullTrick<T,LineOptimization::Maximize>;}// namespace convex}// namespace m1une#line 4 "verify/convex/convex_hull_trick.test.cpp"
#include<algorithm>
#line 7 "verify/convex/convex_hull_trick.test.cpp"
#include<cstdint>
#line 1 "utilities/fast_io.hpp"
#line 5 "utilities/fast_io.hpp"
#include<array>
#include<cerrno>
#include<charconv>
#line 9 "utilities/fast_io.hpp"
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#line 12 "utilities/fast_io.hpp"
#include<cstring>
#include<iterator>
#include<string>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#line 17 "utilities/fast_io.hpp"
#include<utility>
#include<unistd.h>
#line 20 "utilities/fast_io.hpp"
namespacem1une{namespaceutilities{structFastOutput;namespaceinternal{// Shared with the convenience helpers in template.hpp.inlineFastOutput*standard_output_instance=nullptr;// Detect std::begin(x), std::end(x).template<classT,class=void>structis_range:std::false_type{};template<classT>structis_range<T,std::void_t<decltype(std::begin(std::declval<T&>())),decltype(std::end(std::declval<T&>()))>>:std::true_type{};template<classT>inlineconstexprboolis_range_v=is_range<T>::value;template<classT>usingrange_reference_t=decltype(*std::begin(std::declval<T&>()));template<classT>usingrange_value_t=std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<range_reference_t<T>>>;template<classT,class=void>structrange_stored_value{usingtype=range_value_t<T>;};template<classT>structrange_stored_value<T,std::void_t<typenamestd::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value_type>>{usingtype=typenamestd::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value_type;};template<classT>usingrange_stored_value_t=typenamerange_stored_value<T>::type;// Treat strings and C strings as scalar output objects, not as ranges.template<classT>structis_char_array:std::false_type{};template<classT,std::size_tN>structis_char_array<T[N]>:std::bool_constant<std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<T>,char>>{};template<classT>structis_string_like:std::bool_constant<std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<T>,std::string>||std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<T>,constchar*>||std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<T>,char*>||is_char_array<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value>{};template<classT>inlineconstexprboolis_string_like_v=is_string_like<T>::value;// ModInt-like type: x.val() is printable, and x can be assigned from long long.template<classT,class=void>structhas_val_method:std::false_type{};template<classT>structhas_val_method<T,std::void_t<decltype(std::declval<constT&>().val())>>:std::true_type{};template<classT>inlineconstexprboolhas_val_method_v=has_val_method<T>::value;template<classT,class=void>structhas_static_mod_raw:std::false_type{};template<classT>structhas_static_mod_raw<T,std::void_t<decltype(T::mod()),decltype(T::raw(std::declval<uint32_t>()))>>:std::true_type{};template<classT>inlineconstexprboolhas_static_mod_raw_v=has_static_mod_raw<T>::value;// libstdc++ before GCC 16 does not classify __int128 as an integral type in// strict ISO modes such as -std=c++23. Keep the fast-I/O interface independent// of that implementation detail.template<classT>inlineconstexprboolis_integral_v=std::is_integral_v<T>||std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<T>,__int128_t>||std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<T>,__uint128_t>;template<classT>inlineconstexprboolis_signed_v=std::is_signed_v<T>||std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<T>,__int128_t>;template<classT>structmake_unsigned{usingtype=std::make_unsigned_t<T>;};template<>structmake_unsigned<__int128_t>{usingtype=__uint128_t;};template<>structmake_unsigned<__uint128_t>{usingtype=__uint128_t;};template<classT>usingmake_unsigned_t=typenamemake_unsigned<std::remove_cv_t<T>>::type;}// namespace internalstructFastInput{staticconstexprintbuffer_size=1<<20;private:std::FILE*_stream;char_buffer[buffer_size];int_position;int_length;int_file_descriptor;bool_streaming;boolrefill(){_position=0;if(_streaming){ssize_tlength;do{length=::read(_file_descriptor,_buffer,buffer_size);}while(length<0&&errno==EINTR);if(length<=0){_length=0;returnfalse;}_length=int(length);}else{_length=int(std::fread(_buffer,1,buffer_size,_stream));}return_length!=0;}template<classT>boolread_integer_from_stream(T&value){if(!skip_spaces())returnfalse;intc=read_char_raw();boolnegative=false;if(c=='-'){negative=true;c=read_char_raw();}ifconstexpr(internal::is_signed_v<T>){Tresult=0;while('0'<=c&&c<='9'){result=negative?result*10-(c-'0'):result*10+(c-'0');c=read_char_raw();}value=result;}else{Tresult=0;while('0'<=c&&c<='9'){result=result*10+T(c-'0');c=read_char_raw();}value=negative?T(0)-result:result;}returntrue;}boolprepare_number(){if(_length-_position>=64)returntrue;constintremaining=_length-_position;if(remaining>0)std::memmove(_buffer,_buffer+_position,remaining);constintadded=int(std::fread(_buffer+remaining,1,buffer_size-remaining,_stream));_position=0;_length=remaining+added;if(_length<buffer_size)_buffer[_length]='\0';return_length!=0;}public:explicitFastInput(std::FILE*stream=stdin):_stream(stream),_position(0),_length(0),_file_descriptor(::fileno(stream)),_streaming([&]{structstatstatus;return_file_descriptor>=0&&::fstat(_file_descriptor,&status)==0&&!S_ISREG(status.st_mode);}()){}FastInput(constFastInput&)=delete;FastInput&operator=(constFastInput&)=delete;intread_char_raw(){if(_position==_length&&!refill())returnEOF;return_buffer[_position++];}boolskip_spaces(){intc=read_char_raw();while(c!=EOF&&c<=' ')c=read_char_raw();if(c==EOF)returnfalse;--_position;returntrue;}boolread(char&value){if(!skip_spaces())returnfalse;value=char(read_char_raw());returntrue;}boolread(std::string&value){if(!skip_spaces())returnfalse;value.clear();while(true){constintbegin=_position;while(_position<_length&&static_cast<unsignedchar>(_buffer[_position])>' '){++_position;}value.append(_buffer+begin,_position-begin);if(_position<_length){++_position;returntrue;}if(!refill())returntrue;}}boolread(bool&value){intx;if(!read(x))returnfalse;value=x!=0;returntrue;}template<classT>std::enable_if_t<internal::is_integral_v<T>&&!std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<T>,bool>&&!std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<T>,char>,bool>read(T&value){if(_streaming)returnread_integer_from_stream(value);if(!prepare_number())returnfalse;intc=static_cast<unsignedchar>(_buffer[_position++]);while(c<=' ')c=static_cast<unsignedchar>(_buffer[_position++]);boolnegative=false;if(c=='-'){negative=true;c=static_cast<unsignedchar>(_buffer[_position++]);}ifconstexpr(internal::is_signed_v<T>){Tresult=0;while('0'<=c&&c<='9'){constintfirst=c-'0';constintsecond=static_cast<unsignedchar>(_buffer[_position])-'0';if(0<=second&&second<=9){result=negative?result*100-(first*10+second):result*100+(first*10+second);++_position;}else{result=negative?result*10-first:result*10+first;}c=static_cast<unsignedchar>(_buffer[_position++]);}value=result;}else{Tresult=0;while('0'<=c&&c<='9'){constunsignedfirst=unsigned(c-'0');constintsecond=static_cast<unsignedchar>(_buffer[_position])-'0';if(0<=second&&second<=9){result=result*100+T(first*10+unsigned(second));++_position;}else{result=result*10+T(first);}c=static_cast<unsignedchar>(_buffer[_position++]);}value=negative?T(0)-result:result;}if(_position>_length)_position=_length;returntrue;}template<classT>std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point_v<T>,bool>read(T&value){if(!skip_spaces())returnfalse;intc=read_char_raw();boolnegative=false;if(c=='-'||c=='+'){negative=c=='-';c=read_char_raw();}longdoubleresult=0;while('0'<=c&&c<='9'){result=result*10+(c-'0');c=read_char_raw();}if(c=='.'){longdoubleplace=0.1L;c=read_char_raw();while('0'<=c&&c<='9'){result+=(c-'0')*place;place*=0.1L;c=read_char_raw();}}if(c=='e'||c=='E'){c=read_char_raw();boolexponent_negative=false;if(c=='-'||c=='+'){exponent_negative=c=='-';c=read_char_raw();}intexponent=0;while('0'<=c&&c<='9'){exponent=exponent*10+(c-'0');c=read_char_raw();}longdoublescale=1;longdoublepower=10;while(exponent>0){if(exponent&1)scale*=power;power*=power;exponent>>=1;}result=exponent_negative?result/scale:result*scale;}value=static_cast<T>(negative?-result:result);returntrue;}template<classT>std::enable_if_t<internal::has_val_method_v<T>&&!internal::is_integral_v<T>&&!internal::is_range_v<T>,bool>read(T&value){longlongx;if(!read(x))returnfalse;ifconstexpr(internal::has_static_mod_raw_v<T>){if(x>=0&&uint64_t(x)<uint64_t(T::mod())){value=T::raw(uint32_t(x));}else{value=T(x);}}else{value=T(x);}returntrue;}template<classFirst,classSecond>boolread(std::pair<First,Second>&value){if(!read(value.first))returnfalse;returnread(value.second);}template<classRange>std::enable_if_t<internal::is_range_v<Range>&&!internal::is_string_like_v<Range>,bool>read(Range&range){usingStoredValue=internal::range_stored_value_t<Range>;constexprboolnested=internal::is_range_v<StoredValue>&&!internal::is_string_like_v<StoredValue>;for(auto&&value:range){ifconstexpr(std::is_same_v<StoredValue,bool>&&!nested){boolx;if(!read(x))returnfalse;value=x;}else{if(!read(value))returnfalse;}}returntrue;}template<classFirst,classSecond,class...Rest>boolread(First&first,Second&second,Rest&...rest){if(!read(first))returnfalse;returnread(second,rest...);}template<classT>FastInput&operator>>(T&value){if(!read(value))std::abort();return*this;}};structFastOutput{staticconstexprintbuffer_size=1<<20;private:inlinestaticconstautodigit_quads=[]{std::array<char,40000>result{};for(inti=0;i<10000;i++){intvalue=i;for(intj=3;j>=0;j--){result[4*i+j]=char('0'+value%10);value/=10;}}returnresult;}();std::FILE*_stream;char_buffer[buffer_size];int_position;int_precision;std::chars_format_float_format;char_range_separator;std::string*_capture=nullptr;template<classT>std::stringformat_cell(constT&value){std::stringresult;structCaptureGuard{std::string*⌖std::string*previous;~CaptureGuard(){target=previous;}}guard{_capture,_capture};_capture=&result;write(value);returnresult;}template<classMatrix>voidwrite_aligned_matrix(constMatrix&matrix){std::vector<std::vector<std::string>>rows;std::vector<std::size_t>widths;for(constauto&row:matrix){auto&cells=rows.emplace_back();std::size_tcolumn=0;for(constauto&value:row){cells.push_back(format_cell(value));if(column==widths.size())widths.push_back(0);widths[column]=std::max(widths[column],cells.back().size());++column;}}boolfirst=true;for(constauto&row:rows){if(!first)write_char('\n');first=false;for(std::size_tcolumn=0;column<row.size();++column){if(column!=0)write_char(_range_separator);for(std::size_tpadding=row[column].size();padding<widths[column];++padding){write_char(' ');}write(row[column]);}}}public:explicitFastOutput(std::FILE*stream=stdout):_stream(stream),_position(0),_precision(6),_float_format(std::chars_format::general),_range_separator(' '){if(_stream==stdout&&internal::standard_output_instance==nullptr){internal::standard_output_instance=this;}}FastOutput(constFastOutput&)=delete;FastOutput&operator=(constFastOutput&)=delete;~FastOutput(){flush();if(internal::standard_output_instance==this){internal::standard_output_instance=nullptr;}}voidflush(){if(_position!=0){std::fwrite(_buffer,1,_position,_stream);_position=0;}std::fflush(_stream);}voidwrite_char(charc){if(_capture!=nullptr){_capture->push_back(c);return;}if(_position==buffer_size)flush();_buffer[_position++]=c;}voidwrite(constchar*s){while(*s!='\0')write_char(*s++);}voidwrite(conststd::string&s){if(_capture!=nullptr){_capture->append(s);return;}std::size_tposition=0;while(position<s.size()){if(_position==buffer_size)flush();conststd::size_tcopied=std::min<std::size_t>(buffer_size-_position,s.size()-position);std::memcpy(_buffer+_position,s.data()+position,copied);_position+=int(copied);position+=copied;}}voidwrite(charc){write_char(c);}voidwrite(boolvalue){write_char(value?'1':'0');}template<classT>std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point_v<T>>write(Tvalue){chardigits[128];auto[end,error]=std::to_chars(digits,digits+sizeof(digits),value,_float_format,_precision);if(error!=std::errc())std::abort();for(constchar*pointer=digits;pointer!=end;pointer++){write_char(*pointer);}}template<classT>std::enable_if_t<internal::is_integral_v<T>&&!std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<T>,bool>&&!std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<T>,char>>write(Tvalue){usingRaw=std::remove_cv_t<T>;usingUnsigned=internal::make_unsigned_t<Raw>;Unsignedmagnitude;ifconstexpr(internal::is_signed_v<Raw>){if(value<0){write_char('-');magnitude=Unsigned(0)-Unsigned(value);}else{magnitude=Unsigned(value);}}else{magnitude=value;}if(magnitude==0){write_char('0');return;}unsignedchunks[16];intcount=0;while(magnitude>=10000){constUnsignedquotient=magnitude/10000;chunks[count++]=unsigned(magnitude-quotient*10000);magnitude=quotient;}if(_capture==nullptr&&_position>buffer_size-64)flush();charcaptured[64];char*constbegin=_capture!=nullptr?captured:_buffer+_position;char*destination=begin;constunsignedleading=unsigned(magnitude);constchar*first=digit_quads.data()+4*leading;intskip=leading<10?3:leading<100?2:leading<1000?1:0;for(;skip<4;skip++)*destination++=first[skip];while(count--){constchar*digits=digit_quads.data()+4*chunks[count];std::memcpy(destination,digits,4);destination+=4;}if(_capture!=nullptr){_capture->append(begin,destination-begin);}else{_position+=int(destination-begin);}}template<classT>std::enable_if_t<internal::has_val_method_v<T>&&!internal::is_integral_v<T>&&!internal::is_range_v<T>>write(constT&value){write(value.val());}template<classFirst,classSecond>voidwrite(conststd::pair<First,Second>&value){write(value.first);write_char(' ');write(value.second);}template<classRange>std::enable_if_t<internal::is_range_v<Range>&&!internal::is_string_like_v<Range>>write(constRange&range){usingStoredValue=internal::range_stored_value_t<constRange>;constexprboolnested=internal::is_range_v<StoredValue>&&!internal::is_string_like_v<StoredValue>;boolfirst=true;for(constauto&value:range){if(!first)write_char(nested?'\n':_range_separator);first=false;ifconstexpr(std::is_same_v<StoredValue,bool>&&!nested){write(static_cast<bool>(value));}else{write(value);}}}template<classFirst,class...Rest>voidprint(constFirst&first,constRest&...rest){write(first);((write_char(' '),write(rest)),...);}voidprintln(){write_char('\n');}voidset_precision(intprecision){_precision=precision;}voidset_fixed(intprecision=6){_float_format=std::chars_format::fixed;_precision=precision;}voidset_general(intprecision=6){_float_format=std::chars_format::general;_precision=precision;}voidset_range_separator(charseparator){_range_separator=separator;}template<classMatrix>voidwrite_aligned(constMatrix&matrix){usingRow=internal::range_stored_value_t<constMatrix>;usingCell=internal::range_stored_value_t<constRow>;static_assert(internal::is_range_v<Row>&&!internal::is_string_like_v<Row>,"write_aligned requires a two-dimensional range");static_assert(!internal::is_range_v<Cell>||internal::is_string_like_v<Cell>,"write_aligned requires scalar cells");write_aligned_matrix(matrix);}template<classMatrix>voidprintln_aligned(constMatrix&matrix){write_aligned(matrix);write_char('\n');}template<class...Args>voidprintln(constArgs&...args){print(args...);write_char('\n');}template<classT>FastOutput&operator<<(constT&value){write(value);return*this;}};}// namespace utilities}// namespace m1une#line 9 "verify/convex/convex_hull_trick.test.cpp"
#include<limits>
#line 11 "verify/convex/convex_hull_trick.test.cpp"
namespace{structLine{longlongslope;longlongintercept;};template<m1une::convex::LineOptimizationObjective>voidcheck(conststd::vector<Line>&lines){m1une::convex::ConvexHullTrick<longlong,Objective>cht;for(constLine&line:lines){cht.add_line(line.slope,line.intercept);}for(longlongx=-100;x<=100;++x){__int128_texpected;ifconstexpr(Objective==m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Minimize){expected=std::numeric_limits<__int128_t>::max();}else{expected=std::numeric_limits<__int128_t>::min();}for(constLine&line:lines){__int128_tvalue=__int128_t(line.slope)*x+line.intercept;ifconstexpr(Objective==m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Minimize){expected=std::min(expected,value);}else{expected=std::max(expected,value);}}assert(cht.query(x)==expected);}}voidtest_fixed(){m1une::convex::MinConvexHullTrick<longlong>empty;assert(!empty.try_query(0).has_value());std::vector<Line>lines;lines.push_back(Line{-3,4});lines.push_back(Line{-1,10});lines.push_back(Line{-1,-5});lines.push_back(Line{0,2});lines.push_back(Line{4,-7});check<m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Minimize>(lines);check<m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Maximize>(lines);}voidtest_randomized(){std::uint64_tstate=1009;autorandom=[&state](){state^=state<<7;state^=state>>9;returnstate;};for(inttrial=0;trial<5000;++trial){intcount=1+int(random()%40);std::vector<Line>lines;longlongslope=-50;for(intindex=0;index<count;++index){slope+=int(random()%4);lines.push_back(Line{slope,static_cast<longlong>(random()%201)-100,});}check<m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Minimize>(lines);check<m1une::convex::LineOptimization::Maximize>(lines);}}}// namespaceintmain(){m1une::utilities::FastInputfast_input;m1une::utilities::FastOutputfast_output;test_fixed();test_randomized();longlonga,b;fast_input>>a>>b;fast_output<<a+b<<'\n';}